![]() Bio Activity: 7-TM Receptors Tocris Bioscience 2793Ī1 and A2B antagonist.Theobroma cacao PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE Linum usitatissimum PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE Compound Source: caffeine biosynthesis I PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINEĬaffeine biosynthesis II (via paraxanthine) PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINEĬaffeine degradation I (main, plants) PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINEĬaffeine degradation II PlantCyc 1-3-7-TRIMETHYLXANTHINE.A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. Chemical Class: A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7.WARNING: Causes CNS effects, skin and eye irritation Alfa Aesar 39214 OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details ORL-RAT LD50 192 mg kg-1, IPR-RAT LD50 260 mg kg-1, IVN-RAT LD50 105 mg kg-1, SCU-RAT LD50 170 mg kg-1 OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More detailsĭANGER: POISON, irritates skin, eyes, lungs Alfa Aesar 39214, A10431 Toxicity: Organic Compound Amide Drug Food Toxin Central Nervous System Stimulant Anorexigenic Agent Appetite Depressant Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Metabolite Household Toxin Natural Compound Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonist Toxin, Toxin-Target Database T3D2712.Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strongoxidizing agents, iodine, silver salts, tannins. Appearance: odourless white powder or crystals OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details.Experimental Density: 1.23 g/mL Alfa Aesar A10431, 39214.Soluble to 100 mM in water and to 50 mM in DMSO Tocris Bioscience 2793 NaOH, and to 50 mM in DMSO Tocris Bioscience 2793 Soluble to 10 mM in water with sonication, to 100 mM in 1eq. Experimental Solubility: Soluble in pyrrole, THF-H2O mixture, ethyl acetate Alfa Aesar A10431.Experimental Boiling Point: 178 ☌ (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar.Experimental Melting Point: 234-236 ☌ Alfa AesarĢ37 ☌ OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More detailsĢ37 ☌ Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14937Ģ38 ☌ Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 17008, 17229, 22105, 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895Ģ35.25 ☌ Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895Ģ36 ☌ Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895Ģ35 ☌ Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 6603.Experimental Physico-chemical Properties.Fema No: 2224 Sigma-Aldrich ALDRICH-W222402.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. CRD42021257556.Īnxiety brain-related effects caffeine coffee cognition genetics sleep. Future studies are warranted to investigate the specific polymorphisms implicated in each brain outcome, which cognitive functions are particularly related to caffeine (simple vs complex), whether there are gender differences in anxiety effects, and how habitual caffeine intake may influence the acute effects of caffeine. The present review has provided evidence that variability in the CYP1A2 and the ADORA2A genes may modulate the association between caffeine and brain-related outcomes. Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene were associated with cognitive function, while variations in the ADORA2A gene were associated with anxiety and sleep disturbance. ![]() The main outcomes identified were cognitive performance (n = 9), anxiety (n = 7), and sleep disturbance/insomnia (n = 6). Of the 22 records included, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were cross-sectional studies, and 1 was a genome-wide association study. Reports of observational and experimental studies on healthy adults who underwent (a) genetic analysis for polymorphisms in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and effects and (b) measurements of brain-related effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive performance associated with the consumption of caffeine (habitual intake or supplementation) were included. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant reports based on a predetermined search strategy. The objective of this review was to identify, evaluate, and discuss current evidence on the associations between common genetic variants, caffeine consumption, and brain-related outcomes in humans. ![]() Growing evidence shows that interindividual differences in caffeine response may be partly due to variations in genes such as CYP1A2 and ADORA2A, which have been used to identify individuals as "fast" or "slow" caffeine metabolizers and as having a "high" or "low" caffeine sensitivity, respectively. Although the stimulant and anxiogenic properties of caffeine are widely accepted, research on its specific effects on the brain remains controversial.
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